主谓一致与单复数使用考察

对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容：

　　1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。

　　2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　The poet and writer has come.

　　3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：

　　The women with two children is my aunt .

　　注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。

　　Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.

　　5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

　　6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

　　7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》

　　8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.

　　9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数

　　10、由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。

　　11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.

　　My new pair of socks is on the bed.

　　12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

　　13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

　　All of the work has been finished.

　　All of the people have gone.

　　14、疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。

　　Who is your brother?

　　Who are League members?

　　15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。

　　Part of the work has been done by us .

　　Ten percent of the apples were bad .

　　The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .

　　16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：

　　17、由what 引出的从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　18、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。

　　19、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

　　20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。

　　21、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。

　　22、 many a ＋单数名词 (许多……) ； more than one ＋单数名词(不止一……)作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。注意： “more than +基数词＋复数名词”结构或“more ＋复数名词＋ than one做主语时，谓语用复数。

　　Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

　　More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.

　　More members than one are against your plan.

　　23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，作主语，谓语用单数；this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人，口语中用)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind=these kind of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数。

　　This kind of men is dangerous.

　　Men of this kind are dangerous.

　　24、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

　　注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。

　　This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

　　He was the only one of the students who was late for school.

　　【技巧点拨】中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，翻译句子，单句改错，短文改错、同义句转换，时态填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。

【考例剖析】

　　例 1：Each of the students______ a dictionary.(2004资阳)

　　A. have B. is C. are D. has

　　剖析：此题意思是“每个学生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定语，真正的主语是each，故又排除A 。

　　答案：D

　　例 2： How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)

　　A. have B. has C. is D. are

　　剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　答案：B

　　例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back. (2004南通)

　　A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone

　　剖析：由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词根据就近原则同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。

　　答案：D

　　例 4：Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包头)

　　A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers

　　C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers

　　剖析：句子的主语a number of deer。当a number of + 名词作主语时，谓语用复数。因此首先排除C、D，而deer单复数相同，所以B也不正确。

　　答案：A

　　例 5：The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters.because it is faster.(2005云南)

　　A.prefer, to writing B.prefer，to write

　　C.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write

　　剖析：姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇。作主语时，谓语用复数。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在楼上)。此题答案应在A、B中选，而短语prefer… to…中的to是一个介词，故又排除B。

　　答案：A

　　例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.(2005黑龙江)

　　A. was B. is C. are D. were

　　剖析：根据主、从复合句时态一般要一致的原则，本题首先可排除B、C，而主句主语含有except等时，其谓语的单复数取决于except前边的名词的单复数，所以D答案也不正确。

　　答案：A

　　例 7：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.(2005重庆)

　　A.were B.is C.are D. was

　　剖析：根据就近原则，应排除A、C，而题中单词now表明现在，所以D也不正确。

　　答案：B

　　例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything ______.(2005江西)

　　A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed

　　剖析：根据“不定代词作主语，谓语往往用单数”这一点，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change属于不可数名词，它没有被动语态，所以B也不正确。由since引出的一个含具体过去时间的句子，主句用现在完成时。

答案：C

主谓一致应该注意的10个问题

1.某些集体名词如果作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示集体中的个体成员，谓语动词就要用复数形式。 　　这类集体名词包括：audience(观众)，class(班级)，club(俱乐部)，company(公司)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，group(团队)，team(队伍)等。如：My family is a small one with three people. 　　但people，police，cattle等，只能按照复数对待，谓语动词必须用复数。 　　如：The people around us are all friendly and helpful. 　　2.当名词词组的中心词表示时间、距离、书名、金额等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 　　如：Ten years for them was so long because they led a working but hard life. 　　3.由“a pair(a kind，a bottle…)+of+复数名词”作为主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但由“pairs( kinds，bottles…)+of+复数名词”作为主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 　　如：This pair of shoes is very nice but expensive. 　　4.不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 　　如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 　　5.某些只有复数形式的名词(glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，chopsticks，scissors等)，谓语动词用复数形式。 　　如：Those shoes are put under the desk. 　　6.and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Walking and riding are good exercises. 　　但并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 　　如：A knife and fork is on the table. 　　7.当主语中含有as well as，in addition to，(along)with，together with，except，besides，including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数依据他们前面的主语而定。 　　如：Jack as well as his parents has been to China before. 　　但either…or，neither…nor， not only…but also和There be出现在句中时，谓语动词的单复数就要采用就近原则。 　　如：There is a photo and two maps on the wall. 　　Neither her sisters nor Mary is going to the party tomorrow. 　　8. 由“分数+名词或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，half of+名词”构成的短语做主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。 　　如：Ten percent of the water is polluted there. 　　9.由a number of+名词复数做主语时，谓语要用复数形式；由the number of+名词复数做主语时，谓语要用单数形式。 　　如：A number of people are waiting to be interviewed. 　　The number of students in our class is 50. 　　10.在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但如果the only来修饰one时，从句的动词应是单数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. 　　She was the only one of the girls who was late.